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Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Secular Worldviews: Religious Pluralism

Abolute Truth vs. Relative Truth (The Problem with Religious Pluralism)

This is the last lesson on World Religions—this one is a supplement to my lesson on Secular Worldviews. These are the slides that my friend Jamie  provided, with some slight revisions; I used these as a conclusion to the series. It asks some very important questions that people contemplate and often struggle with in  forming their worldview.

  • Do all religions lead to the same place?
  • Aren’t all religions fundamentally the same?
  • Can’t they all be true?



What Many People Think About Religion Today

“Jesus was a good man just like Buddha, Mohammed, and ourselves.  We believe he was a good teacher of morals but we believe that his good morals are really bad.  We believe that all religions are basically the same, at least the one we read was.  They all believe in love and goodness; they only differ on matters of creation, sin, heaven, hell, God, and salvation.” – Steve Turner (poet)


Basic Definitions

Absolute truth – Unchangeable, fixed reality; inflexible, invariable, unalterable facts

Relativism – The philosophical position that all points of view are equally valid and that the individual is the measure of what is true for that person


OBJECTIVE relativism is the view that the beliefs of a person or group of persons are “true” for them, but not necessarily for others.  No truth is universally, objectively true or false.  One person’s “truth” (or ultimately, their opinion), can conflict with another’s “truth” and still be valid.  However, this type of relativism challenges the very existence of truth.

RELIGIOUS relativism maintains that one religion can be true for one person or culture but not for another.  No religion, therefore, is universally or exclusively true.  Religious beliefs are simply an accident of birth location.

MORAL relativism maintains that there are no moral absolutes, no objective ethical right and wrong.  Moral values are true – or “genuine” – for some, but not for others.  Statements of value (for example, “adultery is morally wrong”) can be true for some but false for others.  Something is wrong only if you think or feel it is wrong.

CULTURAL relativism says that what is immoral in our culture is not necessarily immoral in another.  No one, therefore, can judge another culture’s moral values.  i.e. the once widespread Indian practice of suttee (burning a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre), slavery in other countries, genocide in Africa, female infanticide in China -- We cannot judge these as “bad” things because it is not our culture.

“Whenever you find a man who says he doesn't believe in a real Right and Wrong, you will find the same man going back on this a moment later."- C.S. Lewis, The Case for Christianity



“Belief determines truth.”

What if relativism were true?  An illustration --
 A thief robbing a jewelry store—why should he be bound by the belief  of others that stealing is wrong, if he feels it is not wrong for him?
                                                                 
Why do we make the error in our thinking that all religions are right and that it does not matter whether the claims they make are objectively true?

i.e. Jesus is God vs. Jesus is a good teacher – the Lord, Lunatic, or Liar dilemma


Most Popular Relativist Statements


HOW WOULD YOU ANSWER THESE STATEMENTS/QUESTIONS?



What is true for you is not true for me. All truth is relative.  There are no absolute truths.

So many people disagree, relativism must be true.

You're just using Western logic.

Christians are arrogant and intolerant of other viewpoints. Who are you to say another culture's values are wrong? What right do you have to convert others to your views?

You have the right to choose your own values.

That is your reality, not mine.

No one can know anything for sure.

If you grew up in India, you’d be a Hindu.

Jesus is just like any other great religious leader.

It doesn’t matter what you believe, as long as you’re sincere. 

No one can know anything for sure.

We are only perceiving different aspects of the same reality.


HOW WOULD YOU ANSWER?


All Religions Cannot Be True

  • Some beliefs are false, and we know them to be false.  So it does no good to pretend to be “tolerant” as if everything could be equally true.

  • To say that all beliefs are equally true does not make sense for the simple reason that if everyone believes something different, someone must be believing a lie! For instance, can Islam and Christianity both be true if they both believe totally different things about who Jesus is?

Are they the same?

·        All religions are not the same.
·        All religions do not point to God.
·        All religions do not say that all religions are the same.  i.e. Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism
·        Anyone who claims that all religions are the same betrays not only an ignorance of all religions but also a distorted view of even the best-known ones. 

EVERY RELIGION AT ITS CORE IS EXCLUSIVE.


SO, in the end, the question is: Can truth contradict itself? NO.

Truth is true – even if no one knows it.
Truth is true – even if no one admits it.
Truth is true – even if no one agrees what it is.
Truth is true – even if no one follows it.
Truth is true – even if no one but God grasps it fully.



Conclusion:  
  • Man wants to find some other way than God’s way to lead his life.
  • Anything we do which separates us from God is sin. This includes finding our own way apart from Him.
  •  Making up our own rules, making up our own concept of god, compromising between what is truly right (absolute truth) and what we tell ourselves is okay…

But God shows his anger from heaven against all sinful, wicked people who suppress the truth by their wickedness. They know the truth about God because He has made it obvious to them.  For ever since the world was created, people have seen the earth and sky. Through everything God made, they can clearly see His invisible qualities—His eternal power and divine nature. So they have no excuse for not knowing God.   Yes, they knew God, but they wouldn’t worship Him as God or even give Him thanks. And they began to think up foolish ideas of what God was like. As a result, their minds became dark and confused. [“with vain imaginings, foolish reasoning, and stupid speculations”- Amplified Bible] Romans 1:17-21

Tuesday, April 17, 2012

Secular Worldviews: Atheism, Agnosticism,Communism, Modernism, Post-Modernism...

Secular Worldviews: Atheism/Agnosticism/Communism/Modernism/Environmentalism...

Just what is meant by a ‘secular worldview’? Secular means worldly as opposed to spiritual, and worldview means “a collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an individual or group.” However, it is possible for a person to hold a particular worldview and still hold certain religious views as well (people are often complicated like that—or confused!). These are the major most widely held secular worldviews.

Agnosticism (Agnostics)- Agnostics believe that it is impossible to know for sure that God exists. Agnostic believers believe there is a God but there is no way we can know who He is or what He’s like. Agnostic Atheists are almost definitely certain that God does not exist. However, they would not go so far as to say absolutely that there is no God. Agnostic believers hope that if they die they will go to a better place, while agnostic atheists think you cease to exist after death. Many agnostics who desire fellowship join the Unitarian-Universalist church.
The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness, since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities--His eternal power and divine nature--have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse. For although they knew God, they neither glorified Him as God nor gave thanks to Him, but their thinking became futile [“with vain imaginings, foolish reasoning, and stupid speculations”- Amplified Bible] and their foolish hearts were darkened.” Romans 1:17-21

Prominent Agnostics:
Mark Twain (Huckleberry Finn), Tom Bergeron (Dancing with the Stars host), Zac Efron (High School Musical star), Carrie Fisher (Princess Leia, Star Wars), Matt Groening (creator of The Simpsons), Larry King (Larry King Live), Bill Maher (political commentator), Dave Matthews (Dave Matthews Band), Brad Pitt (claims to be atheist, but mostly agnostic), Sting (The Police), Matt Stone (co-creator of South Park), Marie Curie (Nobel physicist & chemist), Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, Carl Sagan (astronomer & skeptic), Steve Wozniak (co-founder of Apple).


Atheism (Atheists)- Atheists believe there is no God. They believe it very strongly. When atheism began in ancient Greece it was not a movement against God, but against the pantheism (belief in everything is God) that so consumed their society. However, about 40 years ago, a woman named Madalyn Murray  O’Hair started the American Atheists. The AA’s are responsible for prayer being banned from schools. They are the ones responsible for the push for “separation of church and state." Mrs. O’Hair was at one time considered to be the most hated woman in America; she and her son and granddaughter all disappeared in 1995 and their bodies were not found until 2001.
“The fool says in His heart, "There is no God." Psalm 14:1
The Message states: “It's a school of hard knocks for those who leave God's path, a dead-end street for those who hate God's rules.” Proverbs and in Job 34:29,
“If God is silent, what's that to you?  If He turns His face away, what can you do about it? But whether silent or hidden, He's there, ruling, so that those who hate God won't take over and ruin people's lives.”

Prominent Atheists:
H.G. Wells (War of the Worlds), Woody Allen (actor, director), James Cameron (Avatar), George Orwell (Animal Farm), Ivan Pavlov (Pavlovian conditioning), Charlie Chaplin (silent movie star), Marlene Dietrich (movie star), Hugh Laurie (actor, House), Ricky Gervais (actor, British The Office), Angelina Jolie (actress), Bruce Lee (martial artist), Seth MacFarlane (Family Guy), Johhn Malkovich (actor), Ian McKellen (Lord of the Rings), Joaquin Phoenix (actor), Brad Pitt (actor), Keanu Reeves (actor), Barack Obama Sr. (father of US Pres.), Steven Soderbergh (filmmaker, Oceans 11), Ayn Rand (Atlas Shrugged)

Atheistism in Literature:
Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (made into a movie), His Dark Materials triology (first book made into movie: The Golden Compass)

Existentialism- Existentialism comes from the idea of finding meaning for existence. There are atheistic existentialists and theistic ones. The main idea behind atheistic existentialism is that humans have a free will to make their own decisions. However, atheistic existentialists believe that God is dead or that He does not interfere in the affairs of men. According to the Bible, if God were dead, the world would fall apart.  Colossians states, “He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together.”

Existentialists think we are left to ponder the meaning of life and to discover morals and a purpose without the help of any divine being. Existentialism often leads to despair because many followers come to the conclusion that life has no meaning. This may be because for some, when the human mind removes God from the picture (or determines He has no bearing) purpose, and the meaning of life become meaningless. Two philosophers important to the formation of existentialist thought are Søren Kierkegaard (Christian) and Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzche (atheist).
  
Existentialism can be found in many popular films: Forrest Gump, The Matrix, Blade Runner, Inception and  2001: A Space Odyssey (Stanley Kubrick films are known for their existentialist themes). Existential movies are characterized by: events that have no long-term purpose, themes that question the meaning and purpose of existence, and typically begs the question: ‘what is reality? "For we are God's handiwork, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do."- Ephesians 2:10. God says we do have a purpose and life does has meaning!

[Biblical examples of existentialism: the books of Ecclesiastes & Job—however, the difference is, that ultimately, even if life’s circumstances do not always make sense, or the daily pursuits of life are proven to be in vain, God is in control.]
Examples of existentialism in literature: Notes from the Underground by Dostoyevsky (Orthodox Christian), Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (made into the movie Blade Runner).

Marxism/Communism (Marxist-Leninist)- Karl Marx was an atheist who lived during the early 1800’s. He taught that all of life is a struggle between the rich and the poor. The rich are trying to keep the poor down, and the poor are trying to move up. He advocated force in obtaining equality between the rich and poor. He wrote the Communist Manifesto, the most important text to communists. Later, at the end of his life he began Das Kapital, but died before finishing it. He believed in creating a perfect society- a Utopia.
 [Although a perfect society is an ideal that every human should desire and strive for, Jesus stated:You will always have the poor among you, but you will not always have me." Jesus was not saying that we should ignore the poor, but He knew that because of sin, there would never be a perfect society (not by man’s efforts anyway). Since Karl Marx had committed the whole New Testament to memory(!), it is reasonable to assume that he was aware of Jesus' prediction.]

 Marx taught that no one should own property. All wealth should be owned by the government and distributed equally by taxation. This is Communism, a belief that everyone should own everything equally (commune---ie, common). This means everyone should live in standard houses and have a standard religion. [The early church in the book of Acts shared everything equally, however, they did not turn their things over to the government, they were democratic, and they were led by the Lord, motivated out of Christ-like love for one another.]  

Capitalism is seen as dangerous and the root of all social and economic evils. Marx was banished from Berlin for his ideas, then in turn from Bonn (Germany), Paris (twice), Brussels and Belgium. He eventually lived out his life in London. He began many revolutions while getting banished from country after country. He taught that there is no morality, because morals are determined by society and change according to the societies’ needs.
[The Message renders Proverbs 14:9 this way: The stupid ridicule right and wrong, but a moral life is a favored life”].

Over time it has been proven that the ideology and the reality of Marxist communism just are not the same. In a communistic society, everyone is equally poor (like in Cuba and China where the vast majority ride bikes for transportation).  Communism failed in Eastern Europe because it never delivered what it promised: equal wealth. Ironically, it not only makes everyone “equal” (in poverty), it makes the government officials (those in control of the “means of production”—a favorite communist phrase) extremely rich. There is a way that seems right to a man, but in the end it leads to death.”  Proverbs 16:25.

[Lenin’s form of communism as seen in the Soviet Union, was actually opposite of what Marx advocated. Marx theorized that communism would not start in an underdeveloped country, it needed to begin in a country where capitalism had run its course (there would be a revolt), leading to socialism, then communism.  Since all Lenin had to work with was an underdeveloped country with mostly a peasant population, Lenin revised Marx’s theory. He theorized that it could work in an underdeveloped nation, if the revolution were to begin in a number of underdeveloped countries in quick succession, joining together to form a socialist state, which was the original idea behind the Soviet Union. However, as previously stated, no communist country has ever delivered equality of wealth among all its citizens.]

In Literature Animal Farm (Orwell), Red Scarf Girl (about the Cultural Revolution; Ji Li Jiang), We (Yevgeny Zamyatin), Behind the Wall: The Inner Life of Communist Germany (Hans Maaz), Voices from the Gulag: life and death in communist Bulgaria (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn)

Modernism- Was a reaction to traditional conservative values in society. Modernism can be applied to a broad range of cultural, artistic and intellectual movements. In philosophical arenas it asserts that everything must have a logical explanation. You cannot know anything outside of science. If you cannot see, smell, touch, or hear it, then it doesn’t exist. Reason is the only other way to know anything. If you can reason out why something works or exists, then it does. Truth is only what you can discern through science and reason. From the modernist point of view most things from the Bible are symbolic and not literally true. Like Jesus rising from the dead is just symbolic to the modernist.
“O taste and see that the LORD is good: blessed is the man that trusteth in him.”  Psalm 34:8; also see Romans 1:17-21 above.

American Modernism, as manifested in culture, literature and art began in the early 20th century, most notably during the period between WWI and WWII, but continues into the 21st century. In literature and film, modernism reflected a mistrust of institutions such as religion and government and rejects ideals of aboslute truth. In art, theatre and dance, modernism is marked by abstraction and experimentation, often considered avant-garde. Culturally, as well as artistically, modernism stresses freedom of expression, radicalism and primitivism. In architecture, geometrical forms, absence of clutter and clean lines were paramount- the skyscaper became a popular ideal form for modernist architecture.

Examples of modernism in literature: Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath (Steinbeck); A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bells Toll (Hemingway); The Road Not Taken and Fire and Ice (Frost); The Great Gatsby (Fitzgerald), The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes and The Ways of White Folks (Hughes), Their Eyes Were Watching God (Hurston)
In film: Psycho (1960, Hitchcock), Rosemary’s Baby (1968, Polansky), Dawn of the Dead (1978, Romero)
In Architecture: Fallingwater House by Frank Lloyd Wright
In Art: Picasso, Manet, Seurat, Gauguin, Matisse, Kandinsky.
In Music: Jazz (a rejection of previously accepted musical norms in American 'mainstream' culture)
In cultue: the Harlem Renaissance (in that it was a rejection of and reaction to previous institutionalized beliefs about blacks and their place in the arts; a truly avant-garde ideal at the time)

Naturalism- Naturalism fuels humanism, atheism and agnosticism. It is all about answering the question:  “What is ‘real’?” Naturalism is not a religion, it is a philosophy. Naturalists believe that humans are complex biological machines and the universe is made up of matter that is eternal.  There is no supernatural world (spiritual), people do not have souls. Science is the only way to know things. Without it you cannot know anything. God must not exist since you cannot see Him.
[The Bible assures us that there is a spiritual world, and that there are spiritual forces: For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms.” Ephesians 6:12.
We are spiritual beings, we have an eternal soul: “Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell.” Matt. 10:28].  
For those who believe there is a God, they think He is outside the creation.  [Hebrews assures us that God is involved with His creation and cares about us:For we do not have a High Priest Who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have One who has been tempted in every way, just as we are; yet was without sin.”]

Naturalists tend to be fatalists. All our behaviors are a function of heredity and environment (naturalistic determinism). Naturalists believe that nothing you do in this life matters because it’s all predetermined anyway (predestination). Notice the contradiction? How can there be predetermination without Someone to predetermine everything? Predestine means “to decide before hand,” which means there would have to be a Decision Maker. God knew before you were born whether you would choose to follow Him or not, that is why Romans 8:29 states: “For those God foreknew He also predestined to be conformed to the likeness of His Son, that He might be the firstborn among many brothers.”
In Literature: Stephen Crane (The Red Badge of Courage), Jack London (The Call of the Wild), Gustave Flaubert (Madame Bovary), Charles Dickens (Oliver Twist, Great Expectations), Upton Sinclair (The Jungle),
In Music: It’s My Life (Bon Jovi), What If? (Coldplay), Jesus of Suburbia (Green Day)
In Movies: Titantic, West Side Story, 28 Weeks Later, the Final Destination movies

Post-Modernism- Post-modernism is a reaction to modernism. It teaches that modernism with its dependence on science and reason has failed to answer many questions of life like “why?” and “how?” Post-modernists are accepting of differing worldviews, different religions, different cultures, different sexual orientations, ‘alternative’ lifestyles, etc. Relativism is the main theme of post-modernism. Relativism is the belief that truth is relative to the situation. Every man doing what is right in his own eyes without being judged. Unlike modernism, which philosophically rejected religion based on the fact that it cannot be scientifically ‘proven,’(or as a reaction creatively to traditional social norms), post-modernism accepts that everyone’s religious belief is valid. We are presently living in a post-modern society.

 [The Bible teaches that there are absolutes, truth can be known, and it does not change according to the situation.  Jesus said, "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me.” John 14:5-6. 
How can people know what truth is, who can answer the “why?” ‘s  and “how?” ‘s of life?.  “But when He, the Spirit of truth, comes, He will guide you into all truth. He will not speak on His own; He will speak only what He hears, and He will tell you what is yet to come.” John 16:13]

In art, literature and architecture, post-modernism is a reaction to modernist ideals, often by reintroducing classical themes and elements, structures and aesthetics.
In literature: I, Robot (Isaac Asimov), Catch-22 (Heller), Catcher In the Rye (Salinger), Absalom, Absalom! (Faulkner), One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (Kesey)
In Film: Pulp Fiction, Scary Movie, Austin Powers, A Clockwork Orange, The Stepford Wives
On Television: Futurama, Family Guy, Reno 911, South Park, MTV Jacka@@, Seinfeld, The Office, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, Lost

Secular Humanism (Humanists)- Humanism began during the Renaissance when people began relying more on science than religion to assess their world. People began questioning the Catholic Church which had been very powerful up to that time. This ‘free thought’ movement took the form of Humanism and in 1933 a group of humanists put a document together called the Humanist Manifesto. This was a document of personal beliefs. It was rewritten 40 years later as the Humanist Manifesto II.  Humanism (as well as atheism) is responsible for much of the anti-religious activity that goes on in this country (the push for nativity scenes to be removed from courthouse lawns, the 10 commandments being removed from courtroom walls, etc.) They believe they are making the world a better place through human effort and scientific achievement. It is their belief that logic, ideas, good will and tolerance will lead to a better code of ethics (rules to live life by), without ever having to consult religion or God. Humanism tends to be anti-religion and can be summed up as a deification of man.

Humanist thought has seeped into much of our daily culture. When you hear: ‘triumph of the human spirit,’ or terms like 'our collective consciousness,' 'life force' 'faith in humanity', 'all people are basically good' and other such phrases/thoughts, it is humanist thought. In other words, man through his own effort can become better. Disney has ingeniously capitalized on humanistic themes, marketing the ideal that anything you believe/dream can come true. "I can do anything, if I believe,' is a pervasive humanistic thought.  Disneyworld’s Millennium Celebration (in 2000) had a similar humanist, new age, post-modern theme and imagery. The 2008 Summer Olympics theme was a humanist, new age one: “One World, One Dream,” as was the 2010 Winter Olympic theme: “One Dream” (both furthering the thought of the 'collective consiousness').


Prominent Humanists:
Isaac Asimov (sci-fi author), Albert Einstein, Gene Roddenberry (creator of Star Trek), Salman Rusdhie (The Satanic Verses), Rod Serling (The Twilight Zone), Carl Sagan (astonomer & author: The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence), Aldous Huxley (author, Brave New World), A.A. Milne (author, Winne the Pooh), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (poet)

Humanism in film: Batman Begins (while being interrogated by Batman, Flass pleads, "I don't know. I swear to god!", Batman then states, "swear to ME!" thus usurping God's position and putting Batman, the symbol of the self-made man in place of God. This is a direct reference and affront to Hebrews 6:13).
Toy Story 1 & 2*: finding meaning in who you are now, for as long as it lasts; recognizing that here and now is all that you have; I, Robot (is a 'Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism,' all of Asimov's tales are distinctly humanistic).

Humanistic Literature: 1984 (Orwell), Farenheit 451 (Bradbury), Flowers for Algernon (Keyes), A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (Twain), V for Vendetta (Moore), I Robot (the book is a collection of short stories; Asimov)

*This rather long article, written by a humanist explains why Toy Story 1 & 2 are 'good' humanistic/existentialist movies.

Environmentalism This ‘ism’ was not a part of my prior lessons, nor is this covered in the book Why So Many Gods?, but it seems that this social movement has become so popular and so pervasive in our daily lives in recent years, that it warrants discussion. I believe for many people, it is a worldview, and for some even a religious belief system.

Environmentalism is a social and political movement (aka the Green Movement) that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities. In Genesis God put man in the garden and gave him the task of caring for it (Gen. 1:26 and Psalm 8:6-8). In Exodus 23:10-11 and Leviticus 25:1-7, the Lord tells His people that He wants them to observe a ‘Sabbath rest’ for the land. Since God created the Earth, He cares very much about man’s proper stewardship of it.

It is now common agricultural knowledge that land cannot be farmed repeatedly year after year without negative consequences. Scientist have conclude that one of the major causes of the great Dust Bowl of the 1930’s which affected 100 million acres of land,  was farming without crop rotation. Since the God of the universe made the Earth, He already knew about erosion and soil depletion. 2 Chronicles 36:20-21 indicates just how serious the Lord was about His people keeping His law and giving the land rest. When man is a bad steward of the earth, there are negative consequences.

Staunch environmentalism, however, leads one to think that man is evil (which is true--humans are not good) and Nature or Earth is good. I capitalize the word nature because, for some very devout environmentalists, they truly see nature and the Earth as a personifications of good, often deifying them.  This is something Paul warns against in Romans 1:25, “They exchanged the truth about God for a lie, and worshiped and served created things rather than the Creator—Who is forever praised. Amen.”

Just as post-modernism was a reaction to modernism, it could be argued that environmentalism is a reaction to humanism—whereas humanism deifies man, environmentalism vilifies him. From my research, I found that humanists are as much against environmentalist dogma as conservative Christians. A common theme in environmentalism is how man is destroying nature; as this agenda is taken to its natural conclusion, man’s very existence is a threat to earth. Thus, terms such as ‘carbon footprint’ and ‘recycle, reuse, reduce,’ and ‘save the planet,’ have entered into our popular consciousness and language.

Global warming or Climate Change has become a hot button topic of late. It is is defended with religious fervor among certain segments of the world’s population and by such radical groups as Green Peace and Earth Liberation Front. 
An example of the type of religious fervor invoked by environmental issues can be seen by the actions of James Lee, an extremist environmentalist who held people in the Discovery Channel building hostage in September of 2010. Among other things, he called for all human babies to be killed, because humans are a plague on the earth. 'Deep Ecology,' an even more radical form of environmentalism, adds a spiritual emphasis to the mix and rejects the idea that Man is a steward, or by any means positioned over creation, but is no more special or important than any other creature on earth. On the contrary, Psalm 8:3-8 says: 
"When I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars,which you have set in place, what is mankind that you are mindful of them, human beings that you care for them? You have made them a little lower than the angels and crowned them with glory and honor. You made them rulers over the works of your hands; you put everything under their feet: all flocks and herds, and the animals of the wild, the birds in the sky, and the fish in the sea, all that swim the paths of the seas."

Romans states, "For all creation is waiting eagerly for that future day when God will reveal who his children really are. Against its will, all creation was subjected to God’s curse. But with eager hope, the creation looks forward to the day when it will join God’s children in glorious freedom from death and decay.”  So, because the earth does not flourish as it should, it is imperative that we take seriously the mandate to care for it as God has commanded. 

Therefore as Christians, we must take a balanced view of our stewardship of the earth. We cannot ‘save the earth,’ however, we are to care for it; we should not litter, or pollute its waters, or its air --besides, it is ourselves we harm when we live in a polluted environment. Actions have consequences, and the Lord will not remove the consequences of our misuse of his natural gifts. So we should take care of the earth because by doing so, we honor God and we are taking care of ourselves. Environmentalism should be a means to an end, not a means unto itself.

In Film: Avatar , An Inconvenient Truth, The Day the Earth Stood Still, Wall-e, The Happening

In Literature: The Lorax (Dr. Seuss), Hoot (made into a movie in 2006; Hiaasen), Walden (Henry David Thoreau), The Population Bomb (Erlich), An Inconvenient Truth (Al Gore), An Inconvenient Book (Glenn Beck)

In Culture: Earth Day, Climate Change (the earth has had climate shift such as ice ages, however, NASA has determined that the current changes warrant concern click here for more information) , Overpopulation

Notable environmentalists: Prince Charles (British royalty), Al Gore (former VP of US), Ansel Adams (artist), Henry David Thoreau (writer), Leonardo DiCaprio (actor)

Saturday, April 14, 2012

The Occult

Why So Many Gods? – The Occult

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, occult is defined as: “Of, relating to, or dealing with supernatural influences, agencies, or phenomena.”  People who get involved in the occult are not looking for salvation or redemption. They are usually looking to control or influence the supernatural.  Most occultic groups are secret, and they have secret ceremonies.   Why must their practices be secret? According to John , “…light has come into the world, but men loved darkness instead of light because their deeds were evil.” Further, Ephesians 5:11 warns us: “Have nothing to do with the fruitless deeds of darkness, but rather expose them.”

Our present society is permeated with new age, and occultic practice, ideology and symbols. We often don’t even notice how much occultic acts have affected our way of life, and our thinking. With the help of media such as television, movies, radio and magazines, it is easy for those who practice the dark arts to affect our thinking without us even realizing it if we are not discerning. Listed below are some popular occultic groups and practices. There are many more of course, because there are many secret societies, churches and groups.

Occult Practices & Warnings:



Astrology * (zodiac, horoscopes, etc.)- Astrology is an ancient practice. It was the original science of the ancient peoples. In many Old Testament narratives that mention a non-Jewish king, you will notice that the king had some or all of the following to advise him: wisemen, astrologers, soothsayers, magicians, diviners, enchanters, sorcerers, and “Chaldeans” or ‘observers of time.” These men had often spent their entire life studying the stars. The Chaldean priests were the first to observe and chart the movement of the stars. The Babylonians perfected it (this is why you will see the mention of all of the above kinds of advisors in the book of Daniel). Astrology was at that time the number one religious belief of the day.

Astrologers believe you can predict things by watching the stars. Astrologers believe the stars have the answers to life. They also believe that man and the universe are magically connected--that is why the date of a child’s birth has bearing on his future personality (born a Libra, Virgo, etc.).  Palm reading, crystal balls, horoscopes, tarot cards, and reading tea leaves are all a part of astrology or more specifically, forms of divination.  Astrologists can be agnostic, pantheistic (all things are god), polytheistic (many gods) and anything else that is not belief in the one true God.  

 Deuteronomy 18: 10-12 is very specific about all who do these things:
“There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire [filicide-killing your own children; abortion], or that useth divination [foretelling the future: fortune tellers, tarot cards], or an observer of times [astrologer (horoscope & zodiac observers)], or an enchanter [sorcerer or magician], or a witch [black magic, white magic, Wicca]Or a charmer [one who casts spells], or a consulter with familiar spirits [spirit guides], or a wizard, or a necromancer [a medium- one who speaking to the dead]. For all that do these things are an abomination unto the LORD: …” ***

NOTE: Astronomy is NOT the same as astrology. Astronomy is the science of studying the stars and planets—astronomers do not believe that the stars and planets can be used to predict anything.


Necromancy- In a séance, a ‘medium’ calls forth spirits from the dead who either communicate with or through the medium.  This is an abomination to the Lord, and Christians should have nothing to do with such activities. In 1 Samuel chapter 28, there is a story about how King Saul consulted a medium to call up the spirit of Samuel. God punished him by having the spirit tell Saul that he and his sons would die in battle the next day (also see: 1 Chronicles 10:13). Isaiah says, “And when they say to you, ‘Consult the mediums and the spiritists who whisper and mutter,’ should not a people consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living?”

 There is reason to believe that in Saul's case, the Lord actually allowed Samuel the prophet to appear to Saul to pronounce a curse on him. He did after all, as a theocratic leader, know better than to consult a witch. As the Witch of Endor reminds him, it was his own edict that called for the death of anyone in Israel who practiced the dark arts. However, in any and all other cases when necromancy is practiced, one is calling upon demons. So, the question raised in the Isaiah passage above is this: if you believe in God, why are you consulting the dead?You can go to the Lord in prayer, you can consult Him for your questions about the future and the present. (See Eccl. 9:5-6 below)

Ouija Boards- Not just a harmless game, this is just another form of necromancy, in that people are attempting to communicate with the spirits of dead people. In addition to the previous verse that tells us that we are to consult God, not the dead, the Bible also states:
“For the living know that they will die, but the dead know nothing; they have no further reward, and even the memory of them is forgotten. Their love, their hate and their jealousy have long since vanished; never again will they have a part in anything that happens under the sun. Ecclesiastes 9:5-6


Hypnosis- A state of relaxation and concentration. Hypnotists attempt to put your mind in a state of such relaxation that it is more open to questions and suggestions. The man who first developed hypnosis was named Franz Anton Mesmer. It is used by a number of councilors, some performers, even by police. It begins with ‘preconditioning’ the person by getting them to relax completely. Next, the hypnotist gets the person(s) to focus inwardly as much as possible by suggesting certain scenarios and images to concentrate on. This eventually leads to the person being highly suggestible. However, it is not possible to get the person to do extreme things they would not otherwise do (such as clucking like a chicken). It can, however, be used to suggest certain ideas or behaviors that the person may not otherwise have thought to do/act. Often chanting or certain kinds of repetitive rhythmic music can be used to induce a trance or hypnotic state. It really works, but is not something the Lord wants Christians being involved in.
Ephesians says, “Put on the full armor of God so that you can take your stand against the devil's schemes.” and
1 Corinthians says, "For who has known the mind of the Lord that he may instruct him? “But we have the mind of Christ.”

 If we submit to mind-control, how can we be on guard against the Devil’s schemes? And if we have the mind of Christ, we have no business putting it under the control of anyone but Christ!


Shamanism- Shamans have been used in many different cultures and religions. Native Americans used shamans (or medicine men) and so do Wiccans and many far eastern religions. Shamans have particular specialties involving magic, like controlling fire or healing people. They get people into a trance and get their souls to leave their bodies (astral travel--outer body experience) in an attempt to reach a state of ecstasy. They also call this reaching another plane of consciousness. They believe in guardian spirits (or spirit guides- a spirit that gives you guidance and answers when out of normal consciousness). Power animals are spirits that take the form of an animal that instructs. Power animals are a popular source of ‘power’ for most of the  Power Ranger incarnations, including Power Rangers: Wild Force, Power Rangers: Dino Thunder and the more recent, Power Rangers: Jungle Fury. The popular Nickelodeon cartoon Avatar- The Last Airbender is replete with shamanistic belief, incl. outer body experiences, bending (controlling) fire, water, earth & air and healing.

"Do not turn to mediums or seek out spiritists, for you will be defiled by them. I am the LORD your God." Leviticus 19:31

"I will set my face against the person who turns to mediums and spiritists to prostitute himself by following them, and I will cut him off from his people." Leviticus 20:6

Satanism**- The US government recognizes it as a church not a cult! Satanists believe that Satan will win in the end and that everything that Christianity calls good is evil and everything we consider sin is good. They believe in doing whatever you want and enjoying yourself at all costs. They believe there is a constant battle between good and evil and they have chosen the bad side. The Church of Satan was officially founded by Anton LeVey, the star of Rosemary’s Baby (a horror movie in the 60’s).  Why would someone become a Satanist? It means you answer to no one, and ultimately it promises power to pursue any desires you possess without consequences or guilt. Jesus explains that those who do not follow God’s way are serving Satan anyway. “You belong to your father, the devil, and you want to carry out your father's desire. He was a murderer from the beginning, not holding to the truth, for there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks his native language, for he is a liar and the father of lies” (John 8: 42-47).


The scary part is that Satanists don’t realize that since he is a liar, he only desires to destroy them, not give them power or glory. I Peter 5:8 warns that Satan has only one desire-- to destroy: “Be self-controlled and alert. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour.” John 10:10 further warns us that Satan, the thief, is not our friend and desires everything we have: “The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy; I have come that they may have life, and have it to the full.”

Vodun- Voodoo is a mix of African beliefs and Haitian superstitions. It has been very popular in New Orleans. Voduns are animists- they believe that everything has a soul and spirit. They believe in one main god and one lesser god who created life and earth. They believe in many, many other spirits. Voduns practice human and animal sacrifices. Zombies come from this religion. They believe that a zombie is a dead person brought back to life (living dead), but that they are under the control of whoever brought them back. And of course they believe in voodoo dolls.  See Duet. 18: 10-12 above (under ‘astrology’ above).

Wicca Witchcraft- An earth-based religion, Wiccans celebrate the lunar phases and seasons. The attraction of this religion is the ability to cast spells and control nature. Wiccans believe they can communicate with nature and they try to be in balance with nature. As such, nature is the focus of their worship. Their code of conduct states that as long as you don’t harm yourself or anyone else, you can do whatever you want. Wicca originates from ancient Celtic and Druid religions. [Wiccan is a pagan religion, but not all pagans are Wiccans. Wiccan is actually neopagan, whereas the original pagan forms of religion are based on ancient pre-Christian practices.]
These witches are polytheistic, worshiping various gods and goddesses. Their incantations often include calling upon the earth, wind, fire and water. Halloween is one of their high holy days. Wiccans distinguish themselves from other forms of witchcraft by not casting spells that harm anyone, which is why it is often called white magic rather than the darker black magic.

The Bible warns us of heresies in which people would worship the creation rather than the creator. They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served created things rather than the Creator–who is forever praised. Amen.” Romans and in Micah 5:12 God warned his people of the punishment for casting spells and incantations:  “I will destroy your witchcraft and you will no longer cast spells.”  and Galatians 5:19-21 & Deut. 18:10 warn against witchcraft.

** Isaiah 14:12-14 & Ezekiel 28:12-19 give insight into how Satan fell from grace as an angel.
*** This passage goes on to say that these practices were the cause of God driving out the nations from the Promised Land and giving it to Israel. Unfortunately, this is why Israel & later Judah lose the Promised Land- twice! They are finally both restored to their land in 1948. This shows how seriously God took these practices-- and how seriously He judges a nation who follow such practices.

Cults: Scientology

Why So Many Gods?- Cults: Scientology

There are some elements in this cult that appear to be ludicrous and even laughable, but they have been confirmed in legal proceedings by ex-Scientologists. The Scientology church has had innumerable legal actions brought against it. It has also brought many groups and even companies to court to ‘protect’ their image and their secrets. The results have been that they have had many of their ‘secrets’ revealed in court documents as part of the plaintiff’s case against them.

Unfortunately, a recent poll indicated that a large number of Scientologists claim to come from the Christian faith. This is typical of Christian cults—they appeal to, and recruit from the Christian denominations. However, Scientology is not very difficult for a real Christian to recognize as heresy if they simply know some very basic scripture from the Bible. In my original overview of cults, I mentioned that one of the hallmarks of leaving such a group always comes with negative consequences- either the requirement that all family members and friends never associate with you again (shunning) or even death. Scientology has been purported to be one of those cults from which escape can cost you your life. This is because L. Ron Hubbard’s teachings label these people as criminals, listing ways to deal with them including  "...The other is to dispose of them quietly and without sorrow." -- L. Ron Hubbard, Science of Survival, Chapter 27


Founded by L. Ron Hubbard in 1951 as a religious philosophy. In 1954 Hubbard opened the first Scientology church. L. Ron Hubbard was a science fiction writer and world traveler. His philosophy was founded on his book Dianetics which means ‘through the soul.’ Hubbard’s religion teaches that all humans are immortal spirits he named ‘thetans.’ Thetans have forgotten their identity or true nature. Basically, Dianetics was a self-help book that Hubbard tried to promote as a viable therapeutic approach. When he failed at that, he tried to prove it was a religion.

What they believe about God:

Although the church refers to the ‘Supreme Being,’ it is not defined. Scientology offers the practitioner a path to ‘spiritual awareness.’ A scientologist is free to come to his or her own conclusion about who God is, there can be one or many gods.

"You are my witnesses," declares the LORD, "and my servant whom I have chosen,
 so that you may know and believe Me and understand that I am He. Before Me no god was formed, nor will there be one after Me.  I, even I, am the LORD, and apart from Me there is no savior.  I have revealed and saved and proclaimed— I, and not some foreign god among you. You are My witnesses," declares the LORD, "that I am God. Yes, and from ancient days I am He. No one can deliver out of My hand. When I act, who can reverse it?"



What they believe about human beings:
Humans are really thetans, a spirit that is a god. However, men have forgotten about who they really are, believing themselves to be limited to this body and this life. Humans are basically good and divine—a cosmic life force.



What they believe about creation:

People are really thetans, and thetans created the universe through their thought some time in the primordial past—this universe that we suppose exists is more like a Game (think Matrix) but it exists only as a product of thetan minds. As such, it can be manipulated by those who are not held captive by ‘engrams.’ Engrams cause all non-Scientologists to believe this world is real and that we are captive to these weak physical bodies. At some point in time, thetans forgot who they were and got so caught up in the game and their creation, that they forgot they made this place up, losing their spiritual and creative powers.

What they believe about salvation:

Scientologists are reborn over and over into new lives, this is called assumption (reincarnation). The more times this happens, the further the thetan becomes entangled by MEST (matter, energy, space and time), so that they can no longer assert their power as gods. L. Ron Hubbard came up with a means by which mankind could be released from this slavery to MEST, through ‘auditing.’ Auditing is a technique that Hubbard developed for neutralizing the engrams. As engrams are neutralized, a thetan becomes more self-away or ‘enlightened.’  Through this process, the thetan can become ‘clear.’ As the thetan passes through various levels of ‘Operating Thetan,’  he/she can achieve self-realization.

Controversies:
Scientology teaches that psychiatry is evil and kills. This is probably because the medical community rejected Hubbard’s attempts at getting his counseling ideas recognized as a viable scientific approach. They dubbed it as quackery.

Scientology is not recognized as a religion in the following countries: Canada, UK, Germany, Luxemburg, Ireland, Israel, France, Mexico, Greece and Belgium. The church has been investigated by numerous government agencies over the years, and appeared as plaintiff and defendants in countless court proceedings.

According to his own sons, Hubbard was involved in the occult since the age of 16, and that at its deepest secret roots involves black magic.


Space Opera
For the fully realized Thetan who attains the highest levels of Operating Thetan, they are allowed to have revealed to them the deeper mysteries of the religion. Those who have not reached the higher levels cannot know these secrets, because they are not ready and it can harm them to know this information before they are ready. There are eight OT levels. The higher levels can only be revealed to members who have been invited and approved. The highest level, OT level VIII— can only be revealed at sea on the church’s private cruise ship the Freewinds. Revealing any of the info at the higher levels is cause for expulsion from the church. In 1995, a former level VIII Thetan revealed this information online. The church pursued legal action, but lost.

The story that is revealed at the higher levels is the story of Lord Xenu, who was the  evil leader of the Galactic Confederacy. He brought billions of people to earth over 75 million years ago aboard spacecraft, to solve his problem with overpopulation on several planets. He took these people and put them in volcanoes that he blew up. When they lost their bodies, their souls were left behind. These spirits ultimately clustered together and inhabit each of us humans on earth.  Each human has more than 2,000 of these souls (thetans) in them. These thetans have forgotten their former godhood because Lord Xenu built large cinemas on earth and forced them to watch movies that would give them false information about who they really were, causing them to forget their true divine nature.

A more detailed account of the space opera can be found here http://en.allexperts.com/q/Scientology-1751/Lord-Xenu.htm

Scientology Words to Know:

Thetan- all humans are really gods; thetan was taken from the Greek letter theta..

Engrams: blockages to spiritual growth

Auditing: counseling to help look at your past and present existence; done by a trained ‘auditor.’

D-meter: device auditor uses to discover engrams

OT: Operating Thetan, someone who has realized their full potential

Overt: someone who questions the organization, these people are shunned.


How do I lead a Scientologist to Christ?

This is a question I chose to approach from two different angles, reasoning here so that the Christian understands what the true nature of the scientologist belief system entails, and notes from a former scientologist written for parents who have lost their loved one to scientology or any cult. Like any cult, there really is no reasoning a person out of it, but it is worth pursuing the reasoning that one should consider when one encounters this or any other cult.  Young and or immature Christians (and people who consider themselves 'Christian') often don't  recognizes the common fallacies that  allow these ‘Christian’ cults to ‘recruit’ unwitting followers from our ranks.

By reasoning:

1. If Scientology and Dianetics is "the only thing that can show you who you really are" (text, p431, What is Scientology), what about all those who came before Scientology and Dianetics?
Why would such a “helpful” and “tested” route to truth and self-improvement have been withheld (by God?) from the human race until one Lafayette Ron Hubbard finally came along in the middle of the twentieth century?

The fact that Hubbard alleges Taoism to be "an ancestor to Scientology" and the scientologist "a first cousin of the Buddhist" notwithstanding, certainly no one had ever heard of ARC breaks, engrams, electropsychometers, pre-Clears, MEST, Operating Thetans, disconnection, and hatting before 1911. Might it rather be that this absolutely ingenious, brilliant, multi-talented man who traveled thousands of miles, spoke and wrote over 40 million words on the subject of Scientology during his lifetime, sold millions of books, and made millions of dollars, had actually, deliberately gone about fulfilling his own 1949 musing (related six years before establishing the Church of Scientology in W.D.C.), that "if a man wants to make a million dollars, the best way would be to start his own religion."

2. How can Scientology be considered credible when it insists that it “respects” and "does not conflict with other religions" (text, p435, What is Scientology) that clearly conflict with it? How can Scientology say "there is no attempt to change a person's beliefs, or to persuade him away from any religion to which he already belongs" (text, p435) when to identify with Scientology may necessarily involve the categorical denial of doctrines that a particular religion affirms? For instance, in terms of Scientology and Christianity, consider that Scientology "has no dogma concerning God" (text, p436) but Christianity does. Further, Scientology denies orthodox Christian teaching regarding hell, sin, the exclusivity of salvation through Christ ("There are probably many types of redemption", p435), and the fallen nature of man ("Scientology is based on the premise that man is basically good" (text, p434).

For Scientology to try to “include” Christianity is a little like the Mafia announcing that all FBI agents are cordially welcome to join the Mob. The two, by definition, stand in diametrical opposition to one another. You can’t have it both ways and, by implying that you can, Scientology clearly loses credibility.



By Exprience:

The following is written by a former Scientology cult member to parents, giving extensive insight into the cult mindset and advice for family members who lose a loved one to a cult. I only list a few of his Do’s and Don’ts here; For the rest go to: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Library/Shelf/wakefield/us-15.html  :

DON'T debate Scientology's ideology, methods or theology with the member in person, in letters or on the phone. Many parents, in their frustration, attempt to do this because they don't fully realize the effectiveness of the mind control that is controlling their family member. Scientology, through the use of the hypnotic Training Routing Zero and the repetitiveness of many of the auditing processes, has the member under a hypnotic trance as well as brainwashed, and it is not possible in most situations to use a rational approach to get them out of Scientology. It's much the same as telling a committed Scientologist that Scientology is wrong. Instead of trying to reason directly with the person, you must use indirect methods. Trying to reach the person emotionally is one way of doing this.

DO tell the person that you love them and let them know that your home is always open to them should they want to get away from the cult. There are many people in Scientology who are deeply unhappy and many who even want to leave, but who stay because they think they have no place to go.

DON'T use a confrontational or condescending approach with the Scientologist. Never start or become engaged in an argument with him about Scientology. Even though you know you are right, understand that the Scientologist also believes himself to be right about Scientology. An argument will only drive the person further away.

DO keep your cool and try to control your emotional reactions, especially anger. If you can think of a time when someone was angry with you, you can understand that anger only increases feelings of defensiveness in the other person. Don't get angry at the cult member. As Steve Hassan says, it isn't his fault!!!

DO try to appeal to the person's emotions, and don't be too upset if the person becomes angry. The person is experiencing an honest emotion, possibly for the first time in a long time, and it may be the anger that helps to jump start the thinking processes. When talking or writing to the cult member, talk about current family happenings, talk about the friends the cult member had before joining the cult, try to stimulate old memories, do anything to appeal to the pre-cult identity of the person. Send frequent letters, and have other family members and friends of the cult member send letters too. Send photographs -- this can be very effective. Make frequent phone calls and don't worry about the phone bill.
It is also important to visit the Scientologist whenever possible. A personal visit will help to counter the cult propaganda that you are a Suppressive Person, or a Potential Trouble Source. When you visit, and the cult member finds himself happy to see you, it may cause the member to feel some confusion, but the confusion is a good thing as it will challenge the cult propaganda.

DON'T ever tell the cult member that his views are ridiculous, absurd or wrong. Don't use the words "cult" or "deprogram" with the cult member as these will immediately identify you to him as a Suppressive Person.

DON'T ever send cash or money, however, as it will immediately go to the cult, especially large amounts. Send small gifts instead. If the member wants to come home, send the plane ticket, not the cash. Most Scientologists are eager to do their "next level" in Scientology, and if you send money, that's where it will go. Especially avoid sending inheritance money. It would be better to keep that money set aside for the Scientologist until he or she comes out of the cult, when the money will be much needed for recovery.




Famous Scientologist:

Tom Cruise, actor
John Travolta, actor
Isaac Hayes, singer (deceased)
Brandy, R&B singer
Danny Masterson, actor (that 70’s show)
Kirstie Alley, actress
Katie Holmes, actress
Priscilla Presley, actress (ex-wife of Elvis)
Lisa Marie Presley, actress (daughter of Elvis, ex-wife of Michael Jackson)
Leah Remini, actress (King of Queens)
Chaka Khan, R&B singer
Sonny Bono, (of Sonny & Cher)